Do+races+differ+mentally?

MENTAL DIFFERENCES: http://viartis.net/parkinsons.disease/images/RacialDifferences.jpg

__**Introduction:**__ Different racial groups have different intelligent levels. **HOW CAN YOU MAKE THAT CONSTOVERSIAL STATEMENT? WHAT EVIDENCE DO YOU HAVE TO SUPPORT IT?** These differences are influenced by cultural and social views. Several people have different definitions of intelligence. One definition is: Intelligence is a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn.

Intelligence and How to get it: Why Schools and Cultures count by Richard E. Nisbett
 * __Books:__**

Social and cultural differences among different groups of people have big impacts on their intelligence and academic achievements. Some cultural groups have a distinct intellectual advantage. These people usually have East Asian origins. There is an IQ difference favoring Asians. Their culture is different than Caucasians. Children in Japan go to school about 240 days a year, while children in the USA go to school only 180 days a year. http://www.eduinreview.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/days-in-school-by-country.jpg

Here is a table comparing the US school year to places around the world. The united states has the least amount of school days within these number of countries. We only have 180 days of school. People in Japan and Korea go to school between 220 and 240 days of the year. Social class is also a consequence of intelligence. Most of the times, the poor are poor because they aren't intelligent. Income inequality in the US is much higher than in most European countries. Research has been done to prove that lower income kids need longer school years. Parenting practices also play a role in intelligence. If the parents support the child and push them to achieve more, the children are likely to have a higher intelligence level. If a child has parents that don't encourage he/she, then they are more likely to have a lower IQ, intelligence level. Cultural history has a big impact on race. For instance, African Americans were slaves in the US early on. They weren't allowed to be taught to read or write. There were just the workers. Only Caucasians could be educated. People tried hard to rid slavery. Eventually it ended, but by that time "Americans" were educated and had been learning more and more. The African Americans had to start from scratch. This was a set back for the blacks. Europeans used several pieces of the African culture and gave them no credit.

__**WEBSITE ARTICLES:**__ [|The Power of Race by Thomas J. Espenshade, a professor of sociology at Princeton University] talks about the differences in racial groups relating to culture and intelligence. Significant advantages and disadvantages exist for members of some racial and ethnic groups with regard to SAT or ACT scores. While advantages and disadvantages were also found based on economic class, they were far less significant than those based on race and ethnicity. More than half of black students and nearly one-third of Latino students who graduated from colleges, finished in the bottom of their classes. Many studies show gaps in the average tests scores by members of different racial or ethnic groups. There are large black advantages in the way colleges consider SAT and ACT scores, and visible disadvantages for Asian students.

Indian Parents Video**:** [] This video shows how much Asian parents, not just Indian parents, can react to a simple B on a report card. Asian parenting styles differ from Western parenting styles. In Asia, parents continuously push their child to achieve more than what is asked. In the western areas, some parents have an Asian parenting style, but most just let their kids get by with the bare minimum.
 * __VIDEOS__**

__**What I want to do next?**__ I would like to look more into segregation in schools in the United Sates and whether that affected different racial intelligence levels. Time period: Early 1900's to Mid 1900's in Louisiana Example: Ruby Bridges in Louisiana (look more into how that worked) Research (not in my own words, just readings I have done to inform myself): Now before there was no need to separate whites and blacks because 95% of blacks were slaves. But they were separated at schools, theaters, taverns, and other public places. So, Congress quickly responded to these laws in 1866 and seized the initiative in remaking the south. Republicans wanted to ensure that with the remaking the south, freed blacks were made viable members of society. But the strong southern legislatures finally gave in; in 1868 they repealed most of the laws that discriminated against blacks. Things were starting to look up. But by 1877 Democratic parties regained their power of the south and ended reconstruction. This was devastating to the blacks. After all the strides they made were reversed. From holding political offices, the right to vote, and participating as equal members of society was changed. ||
 * Segregation **
 * For more than 200 years before the Civil War, slavery existed in the United States. But after the war things began to get worse for blacks. The south thought they needed to do something. The Southern legislatures, former confederates, passed laws known as the black codes, after the war, which severely limited the rights of blacks and segregated them from whites.
 * The south gradually reinstated the racially discriminatory laws. The two main goals they wanted these laws to achieve: disenfranchisement and segregation. To take away the power that the blacks had gained, the Democratic Party began to stop Blacks from voting. ||
 * There were many ways to stop blacks from voting. Some of these things were poll taxes, fees were charged at voting booths and were expensive for most blacks, and the literacy test. Since teaching blacks were illegal, most adult blacks were former slaves and illiterate. And the other goal, segregation, causes the democrats to create laws that segregated the schools and public facilities. ||
 * In addition, the civil rights case of 1883 the Supreme Court declared that congress had no power to prevent private acts of discrimination.

“When a man has emerged from slavery, and by the aid of beneficent legislation …. There must be some stage in the process of his elevation when takes the rank of a mere citizen or, a man, ceases to be the special favorite of the laws, and when his rights as a citizen, or a man, are to be protected in the ordinary models by which other men’s rights are protected.” - Justice Joseph Bradley

And with that ruling and other cases like Plessy vs. Ferguson and Williams vs. Mississippi they could stop blacks from voting and segregation could be done. For example in1896 as much as130, 344 blacks were registered to vote in Louisiana; but in the 1900’s the new Louisiana Constitution reduced that to 5,320. And in Alabama 3,000 out of 180,000 were registered to vote at the voting age in the 1900’s. The blacks were becoming the “special targets” of the law. || When the U.S. entered WW II the south was a fully segregated society. Everything from schools, restaurants, hotels, train cars, waiting rooms, elevators, public bathrooms, colleges, hospitals, cemetery, swimming pools, drinking fountains, prisons, and even churches were for whites or blacks but never for both. || http://www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/brown_v_board/segregation.htm
 * By the 1900’s the southern legislators carried segregation to the extremes. Here are some of the years and states where it started:
 * 1914: Louisiana required separate entrances for blacks and whites.
 * 1915: Oklahoma segregated telephone booths.
 * 1920: Mississippi made it a crime to advocate or publish “arguments or suggestions in favor of social equalities or of interracial between whites and Negro’s”.
 * Arkansas had segregation at racetracks.
 * Texas prohibited integrated boxing matches.
 * Kentucky required separate schools, and also that no textbook would be issued to a black would ever be reissued or redistributed, they also prohibited interracial marriage.
 * Georgia bared black ministers from performing a marriage between white couples.
 * New Orleans created segregated red light districts for white and blacks prostitutes.

AnnbibKhadilkar